동사 know, 형용사 essential 문형 (known to, known as 차이)

 

★know ~를 알다

◎진행형 불가

I am knowing exactly what you mean. (X) (am knowing -> know)

◎know 목적어  : 직접적인 경험을 통해 얻은 지식을 말할 때

◎know about/of : 그 이외

You don’t know my uncle, do you?

We all know about King Sejong. [We all know King Sejong. (X)]

 

◎know how to

I know how to make Korean dishes.

 

◎know 목적어 to부정사

They knew him to be a dangerous criminal.

(They knew to be a dangerous criminal. X)

He was known to be a dangerous criminal.

 

◎know that 절

They knew that he was a dangerous criminal.

◎Know better     (~할 정도로) 어리석지는 않다; 분별력이 있다

He knows better than to judge by appearances. 

그가 외모로 사람을 판단할 정도로 어리석지는 않다

<08지7>문 12. 다음 영어를 우리말로 잘못 옮긴 것은?

① He is second to none in describing human character.＝ 인물의 성격묘사에 있어서 그는 아무에게도 뒤지지 않는다.

② The more you get, the more you want.＝ 가진 게 많으면 많을수록 더 갖고 싶어진다.

③ I've had it with my car breaking down all the time.＝ 나는 내 차가 항상 고장 나는 것을 감수해 왔다.

④ I know better than to mistake the means for the end.＝ 나는 본말전도를 하지 않을 정도의 분별력은 있다.

◎be known for: ~로 유명하다 = be famous for

◎be known to: ~로서 알려지다 (사람들이 사실이나, 발생한 상황, 어떤 사람의 특징을 알고 있을 때 사용)

◎be known as: ~로서 알려지다 (단순히 별명, 명칭을 나타낼 때 사용)

A daily intake of 20 mg of vitamin C is known to be sufficient in most cases to ward off scurvy.

She is known to be interested in pop music.

They are known to have spoken to the President about it.

And this is Terry, otherwise known as "Muscleman".

In some parts of the United States, the lynx is known as a puma.

An irrational fear, one that has no basis in experience, is known as a phobia.

Cambridge Dictionary 참고

[18국회8]11. Choose the one that is grammatically correct.

① Students apply as much commitment to the extracurricular activities as they do to their general subjects.

② She was born in the Addis Ababa province of northern Africa, an area known as its spectacular vistas.

③ It is never too early to start caring for the land you live and grow up. 

④ He had few winter clothing when he arrived at the camp. 

⑤ He reads storybooks to children who don’t access to TV.  

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② 별명이나 명칭보다는 특징을 가리키므로 known for ③ you live in and grown up in  ④ clothing은 불가산, clothes  ⑤access는 타동사; 명사로 쓸 경우 have access to 

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★essential 필수적인

◎essential for/to (전치사)

Formulating new strategies is essential for preparing the corporation to meet and sustain future needs.

Light is absolutely essential for the healthy development of plants.

He had acquired the skills essential to his later success in politics.

The river is essential for/to the region's economy.

Food is essential for/to life.

Using high quality materials is essential for/to achieving a good result.

Knowledge, skills, and creativity are essential to creating high-value products.

 

◎it is essential to do something : ~하는 데에 필수적이다.

It is essential to use the proper technique.

It's essential to arrive on time.

It is essential to research and protect your patent.

If you want to make major changes, it is essential to involve your staff.

 

◎it is essential (that): It is essential that all equipment is properly maintained.

It is essential our prices remain competitive.

◎essential reading :  필수적으로 읽어야할 것, 필독서

Her articles are essential reading for anyone interested in the war.

 

◎play an essential role/part in something : ~에 중요한 역할을 하다

She has always played an essential part in the smooth running of the business.

 

<17지방7>

문 8.

 In countries where religion ①has been closely identified with ②a people's culture, as in Hinduism and Islam, religious education has been essential ③to be maintained the society and ④its traditions.

③ (be maintained -> maintaining),  시험장에서는 'maintain 뒤에 목적어가 나오기 때문에, 수동태 틀림' 정도로 생각